![]() ![]() For example, a text with a "staging" score of 100 will start with very high staging, then rapidly fall to a relatively "flat" lower level of staging for the rest of the story. A narrativity score of 100 is one where the shape of a narrative process in a text is perfectly aligned with the normative shapes shown in the figure above. In general, the various narrativity scores can range from -100 to +100. LIWC-22 provides the Narrativity scores for each narrative dimension, as well as the overall narrativity score, which reflects the average of all 3 dimensions' narrativity scores. LIWC-22 can also provide you with Narrativity scores that reflect how closely any given text resembles the "standard" structures seen above. ![]() Using the Narrative Arc feature of LIWC-22, it is possible to map out the shapes of Staging, Plot Progression, and Cognitive Tension in your dataset. Indeed, this general "pattern" of verbal behaviors jointly constitute a common, standard "arc of narrative" as seen here: Narrativity Scores Traditionally, this "Cognitive Tension" rises and then peaks around the middle-to-later parts of a narrative. Importantly, all the while, most storytellers build and release psychological tension through some form of conflict: either by having characters struggle to attain their goals, or structuring situations in such a way to where it is uncertain whether characters' goals will be achieved.This is the language that drives a story forward: "Plot Progression" language. Once the storyteller has set the stage, they often use less "Staging" language and begin to use more words that signal action, and words that imply a shared understanding of who is engaged in those actions, and how those actions are transpiring, and so on.First, they start by using lots of words that pertain to nouns and how they relate to one another: this is called "Staging" language.The Narrative Arc analysis within LIWC-22 builds on previous research showing that storytellers tend to go through a unique "unfolding" of word use when constructing their narratives (Boyd et al., 2020): We are only now starting to understand the complex psychological scaffolding that underpins the structure of stories. Storytelling is a topic that has fascinated scholars for thousands of years. When a person is telling a story to an audience, they are not just telling a story - they are engaged in a deeply intricate and rich social psychological process. Narrative Arc Understanding and Measuring the Narrative Arc ![]()
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